Water Resources Engineering
Water-resources engineers design systems to control the quantity, quality,
timing, and distribution of water to support human habitation and the needs
of the environment. Water-supply and flood-control systems are commonly
regarded as essential infrastructure for developed areas, and as such
water-resources engineering is a core specialty area in civil engineering.
Water-resources engineering is also a specialty area in environmental
engineering, particularly with regard to the design of water-supply systems,
wastewater-collection systems, and water-quality control in natural systems.
The technical and scientific bases for most water-resources applications are
in the areas of hydraulics and hydrology, and this text covers these areas
with depth and rigor. The fundamentals of closed-conduit flow, open-channel
flow, surface-water hydrology, groundwater hydrology, and water-resources
planning and management are all covered in detail. Applications of these
fundamentals include the design of water-distribution systems, hydraulic
structures, sanitary-sewer systems, stormwater-management systems, and
water-supply wellfields. The design protocols for these systems are guided
by the relevant ASCE, WEF, and AWWA manuals of practice, as well as USFHWA
design guidelines for urban and transportationrelated drainage structures,
and USACE design guidelines for hydraulic structures. The topics covered in
this book constitute the technical background expected of water-resources
engineers. This text is appropriate for undergraduate and first-year
graduate courses in hydraulics, hydrology, and water-resources engineering.
Practitioners will also find the material in this book to be a useful
reference on appropriate design protocols. The book has been organized in
such a way as to sequentially cover the theory and design applications in
each of the key areas of water-resources engineering. The theory of flow in
closed conduits is covered in Chapter 2, including applications of the
continuity, momentum, and energy equations to flow in closed conduits,
calculation of water-hammer pressures, flows in pipe networks, affinity laws
for pumps, pump performance curves, and procedures for pump selection and
assessing the performance of multi-pump systems. The design of public
water-supply systems and building water-supply systems are covered in
Chapter 3, which includes the estimation of water demand, design of
pipelines, pipeline appurtenances, service reservoirs, performance criteria
for water-distribution systems, and several practical design examples. The
theory of flow in open channels is covered in Chapter 4, which includes
applications of the continuity, momentum, and energy equations to flow in
open channels, and computation of water-surface profiles. The design of
drainage channels is covered in Chapter 5, which includes the application of
design standards for determining the appropriate channel dimensions for
various channel linings, including vegetative and non vegetative linings.
The design of sanitary-sewer systems is covered in Chapter 6, which includes
design approaches for estimating the quantity of wastewater to be handled by
sewers; sizing sewer pipes based on self-cleansing and capacity using the
ASCE-recommended tractive-force method; and the performance of manholes,
force mains, pump stations, and hydrogen-sulfide control systems are also
covered. Design of the most widely used hydraulic structures is covered in
Chapter 7, which includes the design of culverts, gates, weirs, spillways,
stilling basins, and dams. This chapter is particularly important since most
water-resources projects rely on the performance of hydraulic structures to
achieve their objectives. The bases for the design of water-resources
systems are typically rainfall and/or surface runoff, which are random
variables that must generally be specified probabilistically. Applications
of probability and statistics in water-resources engineering are covered in
detail in Chapter 8, with particular emphasis on the analysis of hydrologic
data and uncertainty analysis in predicting hydrologic variables. The
fundamentals of surface-water hydrology are covered in Chapters 9 and 10.
These chapters cover the statistical characterization of rainfall for design
applications, methodologies for estimating peak runoff and runoff
hydrographs, methodologies for routing runoff hydrographs through detention
basins, and methods for estimating the quality of surface runoff.
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